To what extent was Arthur Balfour responsible for Conservative decline Essays

To what extent was Arthur Balfour responsible for Conservative decline Essays To what extent was Arthur Balfour responsible for Conservative decline Essay To what extent was Arthur Balfour responsible for Conservative decline Essay The 1906 election was a major turning point in the political climate of Edwardian Britain. The loss of this election heralded a period of Conservative decline and Liberal ascendancy. Many historians blame Arthur Balfour, nephew to Lord Salisbury, for the landslide loss for the Conservatives in the 1906 general election. Whether it was the policies he implemented, the political machinations of the Liberals and the newly formed Labour Party or simply a demand for a change in political policy, the 1906 election was a crucial point in the political history of Britain. Balfour was the essence of a true Edwardian politician. He was a good administrator and an excellent debater, a skill he used frequently in the House of Commons. Balfour was brought up close to politics and government as a result of his being nephew to Lord Salisbury esteemed conservative party leader; said by Atlee to be the best Prime Minister of his lifetime. This upbringing was to greatly help him in later life. Balfour aimed to maintain Conservative unity at a time when policy choices greatly divided the party. His clear mind and awareness of Britains new diplomatic and political position in the world was to later help him as Prime Minister. However, his cold detached manner made him unpopular with the voters, and was seen by many to be aloof and uncaring. This is shown by Blake, Balfour, however had his blind spots, and their effects on the electoral fortunes of the party were considerable. The Taff Vale Case 1901, highlighted to many Balfours aloof and uncaring nature with regard to the lower classes. In the Taff Vale case, Balfours position of leaving it to the courts made him highly unpopular with the lower classes who saw him to be siding with the upper classes. This allowed the Liberals to make use of the resentment against the Conservatives, and gather support for the next election. His non-intervention also alienated him from the trade unions and the lower classes, thus decreasing Conservative support. The Education Act 1902 was one of Balfours major blunders. Although his intentions were good, as he wanted to provide everyone with a better education, he managed to infuriate the Non-conformists and thus increased Liberal support and unity. However although the Act did do this it provided a better more efficient secondary schooling system. In this way, the act was a success. Yet, the success of Balfours education system was shadowed by the infuriated Non-conformists who were outraged at having to pay for Anglican and Catholic schools. This act was a major political turning point for the Tories and should have shown Balfour that he must be more aware of the concerns of the lower classes: after this act, they lost two constituencies in quick succession, whereas previously they won 9 out of 10 by-elections. The Licensing Act 1904 was another act, which offended the Non-Conformists and increased their unity under the Liberals. The ending of the diplomatic isolation of Britain was to be one of Balfours most important legacies, as it enabled Britain to begin to focus on Europe the new diplomatic theatre for power the days of the colonies were over. The alliances with Japan (1902) and France (1904) helped Britain become more prepared for the ravages of World War 1. Balfours reorganisation of both the army and navy also helped to prepare Britain for WWI. However, these achievements would only be fully appreciated after WWI, as the voters were not particularly bothered about military reforms whilst the empire was at peace. These actions did not speed up Conservative Decline, but nor did they reduce it, and so were not greatly advantageous to the Conservatives. Balfours approval of Milners request for Chinese labour in South Africa was a disastrous decision, which cost the Conservatives a large number of votes. There were three main reactions to this approval that cost the Conservatives votes: first were humanitarian concerns. Many members of the public were unhappy about the conditions the Chinese workers were being forced to work and live in. The second reaction was one of discontent at the emigration route to South Africa being closed. This meant that many unemployed workers were now unable to emigrate to South Africa for work because the demand for labour had been filled by Chinese immigrants. The third reaction was from the trade unions. They believed that if the government could import cheap labour in one of its colonies, then they could do it here in Britain. This outraged them and made them firmly oppose the Conservatives, thus increasing support for the Liberals the only real alternative to the Tories. Tariff reform also united the lower classes against the Conservatives as the Liberals raised the old cry of tax on food! this was one of the few things that could make the lower classes staunch opponents of the Conservatives. However, Balfour was opposed to this reform, and made it clear to Joseph Chamberlain that it would be a grave mistake to introduce it. Yet, as party leader, he did nothing by way of overruling him. This was a grave mistake and increased Liberal support. The Lib-Lab Pact 1903 unified the anti-conservative vote and ensured that more constituencies voted into power either Liberal MPs or Labour MPs. This secret pact ensured that less Conservatives were voted into power thus reducing their chances of winning the election of 1906. To conclude, I believe that Arthur Balfour was one of the reasons for Conservative decline and the loss of the 1906 election. However, I do not believe that it was solely his fault, as rebellious members of his cabinet put forward reforms that he disapproved of and thus alienated their party from the mass voters. This will have increased the speed at which the conservatives were falling into decline. Although this is true, I think that the political machinations of the Liberals also played a hand in the downfall of the Conservatives. In addition, I believe that the tides of change were already acting upon the fortunes of the Conservative party, and that it was merely a question of when they would be voted out of power.

The Marketing Environment Report Essay Example

The Marketing Environment Report Essay Example The Marketing Environment Report Paper The Marketing Environment Report Paper Essay Topic: 12 Angry Men This year, 2012, Apple launch their latest smart phone, the phone 5. This has the newest and most up-to-date technology that has ever been used on any of heir products with the launch of the ISO 6 software. The marketing environment will aid the launch of this product if used effectively. 2. Method Diagram 1. This represents the elements of the Macro-environment and I will use this diagram to show these elements in an effective way in relation to Apples phone 5. Geoff Primp. (2012). Intend to cover the macro-environment in terms of technology and social and demographic. I will not discuss the factors Of politics and legal or the economy as during research I found more significant evidence to suggest that technology and social and demographic changes affect Apples phone 5 rater. I will discuss the micro-environment in terms of customers, competitors and intermediaries in detail because these factors have a greater impact on Apple in comparison to suppliers and other stakeholders. Finally, will finish my analysis and interpretation by covering the internal environment in relation to the companys responsibility and the importance of employee morale as these are more relevant than finance and resources. . Analysis and Interpretation The Macro-environment The macro-environment is comprised of the external factors that a company interacts with, directly or indirectly, states Palmer, A. 2000), 51 . It relates to trends and factors that may affect the relationship an organization has with its customers, suppliers and intermediaries. Areas that consist in th e macro- environment are shown in Figure 1 I aim to discuss two of these: Technology and Social Demographic. Technology is constantly being developed and is evolving rapidly, therefore it is essential for marketers to be aware of these developments taking place and how they may affect their organization. Coinage, G. (2006). Writes that when technology is developed it can affect customer demand for a companys products or services. This shows that it is important for companies like Apple to use the most up-to-date technology, if they do not have the appropriate technology within their products; customers will not invest in them and will turn to competitors. Coinage, G. (2006). Also states that changing technology may bring forward new opportunities and threats that the company will face in relation to a products lifestyle. This suggests that Apple will have to evaluate new technology available in order to keep customer demand high and to gain competitive advantage by identifying opportunities and threats. Apple will have to ensure that their phone 5 meets he ever changing expectations of thei r consumers. Apples pod sales have gradually decreased as a result of their customers increasing demand for phones and pads instead of MPH devices. Theorizing, D. (2012). Therefore, Apple must analyses the technological changes occurring in the market and evolve to ensure that all products remain up-to-date and desirable to customers. Social and demographic changes in society will have an impact on an organization such as Apple due to the fact that they are constantly dealing with customers who are part of a changing population. Organizations must e able to deal with demographic changes such as the ageing population that we are in today. The section of the population aged 65 and over is expected to rise from 13% up to 20% over a 50 year period, states Paul Heathery. This shows that it is essential for companies to consider the older generation as they are a large segment of the market. Therefore, if companies are able to develop their products and services to suit elderly people, they will find themselves in a much better position in the market. Apple has been able to cater for this segment as they have the App Store which allows customers to unload a variety of APS from Matcher, to Angry Birds. Apple have allowed themselves to appeal to a mass market which enables them to deal with the demographic change of the ageing population and still keep their younger customers interested. The Micro-environment The micro-environment of an organization is the companies or individuals that affect the organizations activities, directly or indirectly. In the micro- environment, the key groups are Customers; Competitors; Suppliers; Intermediaries; and Other stakeholders. I will discuss this environment in terms of Apples customers, competitors and intermediaries. For a company like Apple, it is important to be aware of customer markets and their needs as each market have distinct, separate needs. For example, consumer markets are individuals who will use Apples products for personal and leisure use. The needs of this market will differ noticeably from those of Business markets and Reseller markets who are essentially looking to make further profit/use from Apples products. Palmer, A. (2000) states that ideally, organizations should be able to predict what customers will want next rather than waiting to see before acting. From this, Apple must be aware Of their customers deeds as the success of the phone 5 will rely on how well the company know their customers. Apple is at an advantage as they have had huge success with several other products that has given them an established brand with a huge number of loyal customers. Steve M. Chain, former Apple Marketing Executive and Consumer Marketing Expert comments on Apples advertisements: They are inviting you to experience the Apple lifestyle and to become part of the pod community. This comment shows how Apple have created a community that is associated with the company that customers want to be a part of, this will market their products in itself. As well as predicting what their customers may do/want next, companies must be aware of what their competitors might do next. A company can have direct competitors and indirect competitors. Direct competitors are similar companies who aim to meet customer needs in a similar way as they intend to. For example Samsung would be a direct competitor to Apple as they are in the same industry (mobile phones) and have similar customers who expect similar products and features within those products. Analysiss predict that by the end of 2012 the phone 5 will have sold an estimated million phones, ND Samsung Galaxy SO is to sell around 30 million. Williams, A. (2010). This shows how competitive the mobile phone industry is and the success of a company depends on the loyalty of customers, modern technology in the product and how well the product meets customers expectations. Indirect competitors produce different products, but ultimately satisfy the same need. This type of competitor is hard to identify and therefore it is important for companies to research potential competitors fully in order to be able to respond quickly to changes. Intermediaries are companies such as retailers, distributors and wholesales. These are companies in which most organizations will be involved in and therefore it is important for them to be selling the right image of the organization. Carapace Warehouse would be a retailer of Apple. This could affect Apple because the employees selling an phone 5 directly to a customer will be able to project a positive image of the product to the customer. Similarly, if an employee appears lethargic and detached a customer is unlikely to want to purchase the product they are promoting. The Internal Environment The internal environment of an organization in relation to marketing consists f the organizational structure, its responsibility, finance and the development of its employees. If internal marketing is done effectively, it can help to create an ethos resulting in high quality services to customers. Apples core mission: making the best products and experiences it can for customers. Jog, E. (2012). Jog E also states that Apple have made their employees a priority as they have recognized that when their staff are happy, productivity is increased and therefore profits and revenue is increased in turn. Staff are encouraged and rewarded in order to keep motivation and job distraction at a high as this attitude reflects onto their customers and will give a positive image to the company. Due to the fact that they have implemented rewards such as sabbaticals for employees and blue-sky (see Appendix 1), Apple should not have problems in regards to its internal marketing because of its clear organizational structure and its reward system ensuring employees are supported and happy.

Early Childhood Education Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words - 1

Early Childhood Education Management - Essay Example This essay stresses that it is necessary to mention that the information discussed above is really useful for nursery managers if they want to be professionals and to be aware of all aspects of the work, including managing the establishment. Nursery manager has to know everything about early childhood education and development, not only managing issues. It is necessary to say that real professional is broad-minded. The main purpose of the present case study is to find the possible solutions to the problem of Helen. She is known for her dictative manner of behaviour, though she is a great lover of children. In order to find the ways out, we shall try to apply theoretical knowledge from the area of management and leadership. This case study will be a descriptive one, for first of all we will describe the situation, and then look for possible means of changing it, resulting from the theoretical material which we will be able to find. This report declares that cooperation with children has many forms. Nursery manager should realize that it demands good knowledge, development of skills and creativity. The daily experience will be typified by life experience and sudden teachable moments. There is no place for strict treatment and constant subject learning. Nursery teacher plays many roles such as observer, evaluator, elaborator, planner, and modeller. The choice of the role depends on the situation. It was mentioned that nursery educator must work with children â€Å"based on their knowledge of the individual child and their knowledge of how children generally develop†.